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An IP address is a 32-bit logical identifier for a device on a network. It is written in dotted-decimal format, consisting of four octets separated by dots (e.g., 192.168.1.1 ). Each octet represents 8 bits, ranging in value from 0 to 255. An IP address always contains two distinct parts: Identifies the specific network segment. Host ID: Identifies the unique device on that segment. The Role of the Subnet Mask

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A subnet mask is a 32-bit binary number that determines the scope of a subnet. It's applied to an IP address using a bitwise AND operation, resulting in the network ID. The subnet mask is typically represented in dotted decimal notation, just like IP addresses. An IP address is a 32-bit logical identifier

IP Subnetting - From Zero to Guru: Browning, Paul - Amazon.com An IP address always contains two distinct parts:

Traditional subnetting creates equal-sized subnets, which can result in wasted IP space. For instance, a point-to-point WAN link between two routers only requires 2 usable IP addresses. Assigning a /27 network (30 usable hosts) to that link wastes 28 IP addresses.

An IP address contains two pieces of information: the (the street name) and the Host ID (the house number). A Subnet Mask tells the router exactly where the network portion ends and the host portion begins. 1s in a subnet mask represent the Network portion. 0s in a subnet mask represent the Host portion. Classful IP Addressing (The Legacy System)