Tekanan psikologis atau perundungan ( bullying ) terhadap perempuan yang memutuskan untuk tidak berjilbab di lingkungan kerja atau komunitas tertentu. 2. Skandal Pelepasan Jilbab dan Tekanan Institusional
The political landscape shifted dramatically after Reformasi in 1998. However, rather than bringing clarity, the new era introduced its own set of complexities. Political contestation, particularly Islamic politics, has played a significant role in shaping school uniform policies regarding the hijab. As one analysis notes, "keberadaan aturan busana muslimah ini didorong oleh hasrat memenangkan pertarungan merebut kekuasaan politik. Jilbab/hijab ditangkap sebagai isu yang menarik para politisi dari semua partai politik. Kemudian, mereka menggunakan identitas busana muslimah di atas untuk politik pencitraan diri" (The existence of Muslim dress codes is driven by the desire to win political power struggles. The hijab is captured as an issue that attracts politicians from all parties, who then use this identity for image politics). skandal jilbab
The issue underscores a broader tension: while Indonesia's constitution guarantees freedom of religion, implementation remains inconsistent. The government's position as a member of the UN Human Rights Council stands in stark contrast to these domestic practices, prompting Yanuar to suggest that "kondisi di dalam negeri harus menjadi bahan refleksi bersama" (domestic conditions should be a shared matter for reflection). Tekanan psikologis atau perundungan ( bullying ) terhadap
: A jilbab specifically refers to a long, loose outer garment often worn to fulfill Quranic modesty. However, rather than bringing clarity, the new era
If you are looking for scholarly "papers" regarding the sociopolitical controversies surrounding the hijab, these resources discuss the legal and human rights implications of hijab bans or mandates: Religious Freedom in Secular Societies : An insightful academic paper on Academia.edu analyzes the 1989 French Hijab Controversy