-include-..-2f..-2f..-2f..-2froot-2f 95%

If an attacker sends: ?page=-include-..-2F..-2F..-2F..-2Froot-2F After URL decoding, the server constructs: /var/www/html/pages/../../../../root/.php Normalizing the path gives /root/.php – but note the appended .php extension. Many LFI vulnerabilities can be chained with null byte injection ( %00 ) to terminate the string, but modern PHP versions have fixed that. However, if the application uses other functions like file_get_contents() or fopen() without extension appending, an attacker could read /root/.bashrc or /root/.ssh/id_rsa .

The payload is designed for vulnerabilities. Consider a PHP script like: -include-..-2F..-2F..-2F..-2Froot-2F

The sequence -2F is an alternative representation of %2F , which is the URL-encoded hex value for the forward slash character ( / ). Web applications often sanitize standard input like ../ . If an attacker sends:

Thus -include-..-2F..-2F..-2F..-2Froot-2F is a real‑world obfuscation technique that might slip past weak filters while still being correctly interpreted by the web server after decoding. The payload is designed for vulnerabilities

$base = '/var/www/html/pages/'; $requested = $base . $_GET['page']; $real = realpath($requested); if ($real === false || strpos($real, $base) !== 0) die('Invalid file path');