Mothers with histories of emotional, physical, or sexual abuse are at higher risk for postpartum depression and "disrupted parenting," which can pass trauma to the next generation.
: Maternal history of childhood maltreatment (CM) is strongly linked to poorer behavioral outcomes in offspring, mediated by maternal depressive symptoms and altered parenting behaviors. Obstetric Violence and Maternal Abuse facialabuse facial abuse maternal maltreatm 2021
The chronic stress of maternal abuse often manifests physically later in life. Survivors frequently report TMJ disorders, chronic headaches, facial tension, and sleep disturbances directly linked to the physical and emotional trauma inflicted on their facial structure and nervous system during developmental years. The Role of Entertainment and Media Consumption Mothers with histories of emotional, physical, or sexual
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