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Ansoff introduced the concept of to strategic management, famously describing it as the "2+2=5" effect . Synergy occurs when the combined performance of a company's diverse business units is greater than the sum of their individual parts. It's a powerful argument for related diversification, suggesting that sharing resources like R&D, marketing, or management expertise across different units can create significant value.

H. Igor Ansoff "Corporate Strategy: An Analytic Approach to Business Policy for Growth and Expansion" (1965)

Ansoff classified corporate decisions into three distinct categories:

Navigating Corporate Strategy: The Legacy and Framework of Igor Ansoff’s 1965 Classic